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The Bieszczady National Park is situated in the
Outer Carpathians which are flysch formations of two structural units —
The Dukla Nappe and Silesian Nappe (Slaczka 1970, Tokarski 1975). These
units are made of juxtaposed layers of fractionally differentiated
sedimentary rocks.
The Dukla Nappe is built from folds of Wielka Rawka, Paprotna, Borsuk and the syncline of Moczarne. It includes:
- Lupków layers (late Cretaceous) consisting of a shale-sandstone complex with a predomination of silt shales;
- Cisna layers (late Cretaceous – Palaeocene) consisting mainly of thick-layered sandstone;
- Majdan
layers (Palaeocene) built of dark grey and black shales with the
addition of grey-green shales and sideritic and fuckoidal marls;
- Hieroglyphic layers (Eocene) similar to the hieroglyphic layers of Silesian Nappe.
The
Silesian Nappe is divided into smaller units: Przeddukielska Nappe and
the Central Carpathian depression, with an anticline of Bukowe Berdo,
syncline of Magurka-Stoly, anticline of Suche Rzeki and the marginal
syncline.
The Silesian Nappe consists of:
- Hieroglyphic
layers (Eocene) forming a complex of thin layers of flysch consisting
of green silt shales and green and grey fine grained sandstone;
- Menilitic
layers (early Eocene) built of hard, black and dark brown Menilitic
shales with the addition of dark grey and black sandstone with
muscovite;
- Intervening
layers (Oligocene) consisting of a complex of grey, olive or black
shales with fine grained sandstone, grey and black mudstone and
yellow-grey dolomites;
- lower
Krosno layers (Oligocene) built of a complex of grey medium-to-coarse
grained Otryt sandstone together with thin layers of silt-marl shales.
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Bieszczadzki
Geological structure 
